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Coordinating Development: How Do Animals Integrate Plastic and Robust Developmental Processes?

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  • 1School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.

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Summary

Environmental factors influence biology, causing phenotypic plasticity. This review explores how organ patterning remains robust despite environmental changes affecting growth, proposing new hypotheses for size-independent pattern development.

Keywords:
eco-evo-devoenvironmentally-sensitive growthmorphogenetic growthnutritionpatterningphenotypic plasticityrobustness

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Phenotypic plasticity
  • Hormonal regulation

Background:

  • Environmental conditions significantly impact biological development, influencing traits like morphology and disease susceptibility.
  • Phenotypic plasticity, environmentally-induced variation, often stems from altered developmental hormone synthesis.
  • Organ growth is sensitive to environmental cues, yet organ patterning remains remarkably robust.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of organ growth and pattern coordination.
  • To propose novel hypotheses explaining how organs achieve correct pattern across varying sizes.
  • To reconcile the differential environmental sensitivity of growth versus patterning.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on developmental plasticity and organogenesis.
  • Analysis of hormonal regulation mechanisms in growth and patterning.
  • Formulation of theoretical hypotheses based on current data.

Main Results:

  • Organ growth rates are highly plastic in response to environmental factors.
  • Organ patterning processes demonstrate significant robustness against environmental perturbations.
  • The same hormones influencing growth also regulate patterning, posing a paradox.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the mechanisms maintaining pattern robustness is crucial for developmental biology.
  • Hypotheses are presented to explain size-independent pattern formation.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate how developmental processes balance plasticity and robustness.