Physical therapy in Down syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis

Area of Science:

• Genetics and chromosomal abnormalities
• Rehabilitation medicine
• Pediatric physical therapy

Background:

• Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality, affecting approximately 0.1% of live births globally.
• Individuals with Down syndrome often experience co-morbidities that can be managed or prevented with physical therapy.
• Physical therapy plays a crucial role in addressing functional limitations associated with Down syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the overall effectiveness of physical therapy interventions in individuals with Down syndrome.
• To compare the efficacy of various physical therapy approaches within this population.
• To identify specific physical therapy interventions that yield the most significant benefits.

Main Methods:

• A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials were conducted.
• Literature search performed across major databases (PubMed, Web of Science, PEDro, Scopus) in June 2018.
• Study quality assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, followed by data extraction and statistical analysis.

Main Results:

• Analysis of 27 articles, with nine contributing to the meta-analysis.
• Significant positive effects observed in upper and lower limb strength (SMD = 1.46 and 2.04, respectively).
• Favorable outcomes also noted for mediolateral balance control (SMD = -3.30).

Conclusions:

• Physical therapy interventions demonstrate potential benefits for enhancing strength and balance in people with Down syndrome.
• Specific interventions targeting strength and balance are particularly effective.
• Further research is warranted to explore additional therapeutic avenues and clarify existing findings.