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Related Concept Videos

Second Order systems II01:18

Second Order systems II

406
In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.
406
First Order Systems01:21

First Order Systems

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First-order systems, such as RC circuits, are foundational in understanding dynamic systems due to their straightforward input-output relationship. Analyzing their responses to different input functions under zero initial conditions reveals significant insights into system behavior.
When a first-order system is subjected to a unit-step input, its response is characterized by its transfer function. By applying the Laplace transform of the unit-step input to the transfer function, expanding the...
426
Second Order systems I01:20

Second Order systems I

591
A servo system exemplifies a second-order system, featuring a proportional controller and load elements that ensure the output position aligns with the input position. The relationship between these components is described by a second-order differential equation. Applying the Laplace transform under zero initial conditions yields the transfer function, showing how inputs are converted to outputs in the system.
By reinterpreting the system, one can derive the closed-loop transfer function, which...
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Thermodynamic Systems01:06

Thermodynamic Systems

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A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
Consider an example of  tea boiling in a kettle. The...
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Classification of Systems-I01:26

Classification of Systems-I

592
Linearity is a system property characterized by a direct input-output relationship, combining homogeneity and additivity.
Homogeneity dictates that if an input x(t) is multiplied by a constant c, the output y(t) is multiplied by the same constant. Mathematically, this is expressed as:
592
Classification of Systems-II01:31

Classification of Systems-II

498
Continuous-time systems have continuous input and output signals, with time measured continuously. These systems are generally defined by differential or algebraic equations. For instance, in an RC circuit, the relationship between input and output voltage is expressed through a differential equation derived from Ohm's law and the capacitor relation,
498

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
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Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

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MIG in Cutaneous Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

I Ruffilli1

  • 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy.

La Clinica Terapeutica
|February 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Monokine induced by interferon-gamma (MIG) and its receptor CXCR3 are involved in T cell recruitment in cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Elevated MIG levels correlate with disease activity, suggesting MIG

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Monokine induced by interferon-gamma (MIG) and its receptor CXCR3 are expressed on T cells in cutaneous lupus lesions.
  • CXCR3-activating chemokines are produced locally, indicating a role in T cell recruitment to inflammatory sites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence for MIG's role in the pathogenesis of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE).

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on MIG and CXCR3 in cutaneous lupus.

Main Results:

  • Circulating MIG levels are elevated in cutaneous Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients.
  • MIG levels strongly correlate with disease activity in cutaneous SLE.
  • Evidence suggests MIG participates in the pathogenesis of various cutaneous SLE manifestations.
Keywords:
Cutaneous Systemic Lupus ErythematosusMIG

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Conclusions:

  • MIG and CXCR3 are implicated in T cell recruitment in cutaneous lupus.
  • Elevated MIG levels are associated with increased disease activity in cutaneous SLE.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate MIG's exact role in cutaneous SLE pathogenesis.