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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

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Diving into Exoplanets: Are Water Seas the Most Common?

F J Ballesteros1, A Fernandez-Soto2,3, V J Martínez1,3,4

  • 11 Observatori Astronòmic, Universitat de València, Paterna (València), Spain.

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Exoplanet research suggests ethane seas may be nine times more common than water seas on rocky worlds. This expands the search for extraterrestrial life beyond just water-based habitats.

Keywords:
ExoplanetsExoseasHabitable zone

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Area of Science:

  • Astrobiology
  • Planetary Science
  • Exoplanet Research

Background:

  • Life as we know it requires a liquid medium, with water being the primary focus.
  • The search for extraterrestrial life often assumes water as the essential solvent.
  • Alternative liquid solvents for life on exoplanets have been proposed but not extensively studied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the probability of superficial seas on rocky exoplanets using nine different liquids.
  • To compare the potential habitability of exoplanets based on various liquid solvents.
  • To assess the prevalence of non-water-based seas in the Milky Way.

Main Methods:

  • Calculated habitable zone phase space sizes for nine potential liquid substrates.
  • Modeled liquid presence around stars, excluding tidally locked regions.
  • Combined habitable zone size with stellar and planetary abundance data.

Main Results:

  • Ethane seas could be up to nine times more frequent than water seas on exoplanets.
  • The study identified potential regions for various liquid seas across different star types.
  • Non-water solvents may be significant in the search for extrasolar life.

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence of extraterrestrial seas may be underestimated by focusing solely on water.
  • Ethane and other solvents present viable alternatives for harboring life.
  • Future exobiology research should consider a broader range of liquid environments.