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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

Independent working memory resources for egocentric and allocentric spatial information.

David Aagten-Murphy¹, Paul M Bays¹

¹Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Plos Computational Biology

|February 22, 2019

Summary

Spatial recall precision in visuospatial working memory improves with nearby landmarks. This landmark effect relies on relative spatial cues, enhancing memory recall in complex environments.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Human Memory

Background:

Visuospatial working memory (VSWM) is crucial for maintaining visual information.
Accurate localization of remembered stimuli is vital for navigation and interaction.
Existing models often focus on egocentric (self-centered) spatial representations.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of surrounding visual landmarks in the precision of spatial recall within VSWM.
To determine if relative spatial information (allocentric) contributes independently to localization accuracy.
To model how egocentric and allocentric spatial information are integrated for memory recall.

Main Methods:

Three experiments involving memory encoding, delay, and spatial localization tasks.
Systematic manipulation of landmark presence and visibility during different task phases.
Development and testing of a computational model integrating egocentric and allocentric spatial estimates.

Main Results:

Spatial recall precision significantly improved for items near a persistent visual landmark.
Landmark visibility during encoding and response, but not the entire delay, was essential.
Allocentric spatial information was encoded independently and without cost to egocentric estimation.
A model integrating both egocentric and allocentric information accurately predicted human performance, including errors under conflict.

Conclusions:

Relative spatial information from landmarks serves as an independent and valuable cue for spatial memory recall.
VSWM utilizes both egocentric and allocentric spatial representations, integrating them for precise localization.
This finding highlights the ecological relevance of landmarks for spatial memory in natural environments.