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Immune complexes (ICs) enhance host immune responses and are utilized in vaccines for poultry and humans. This chapter explores IC signaling mechanisms and their therapeutic applications in infection control and cancer therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Immune complexes (ICs) are formed by antibody/antigen binding and regulate immune responses.
  • ICs enhance host immune activation and play critical roles in B and T cell activation.
  • ICs are utilized as preventive and therapeutic vaccines in poultry and clinical settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the mechanistic aspects of IC signaling and their impact on immune cells.
  • To provide examples of historical and current applications of IC technology.
  • To suggest future directions for IC-based immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on immune complex biology and function.
  • Analysis of historical and current applications of ICs in vaccines and therapy.
  • Exploration of Fc receptor functions and antibody engineering in IC development.

Main Results:

  • ICs facilitate antigen targeting, uptake, and presentation to immune cells.
  • ICs modulate stimulatory signals crucial for adaptive immunity.
  • IC-based strategies show promise in controlling viral infections (HBV, HIV, influenza) and treating tumors.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding IC signaling mechanisms is key to optimizing their therapeutic potential.
  • Advanced engineering of ICs, informed by Fc receptor biology, enables tailored applications.
  • ICs represent a versatile platform for developing novel immunotherapies for infectious diseases and cancer.