Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

3.2K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
3.2K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.5K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.5K
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.5K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.5K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.7K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.7K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.5K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
1.5K
Protection of Alcohols02:31

Protection of Alcohols

8.1K
This lesson delves into the concept of protection and deprotection of a functional group fundamental to synthetic organic chemistry. These phenomena are explained in the context of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols.
Protection
It defines a protecting group as the masking agent to make the more reactive species inert to a given set of conditions. This concept is depicted via the illustration of liquid flow through different outlets in an assembly of pipes. The analogy helps to understand the role...
8.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Long-term drug survival of biological agents in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in clinical practice.

Scandinavian journal of rheumatology·2016
Same author

A novel methodology for personalized simulations of ventricular hemodynamics from noninvasive imaging data.

Computerized medical imaging and graphics : the official journal of the Computerized Medical Imaging Society·2016
Same author

Strong inflammatory response and Th1-polarization profile in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia without apparent infection.

Oncology reports·2016
Same author

Evaluation of GenoFlow DR-MTB Array Test for Detection of Rifampin and Isoniazid Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Journal of clinical microbiology·2016
Same author

Evolution of regional oxygen saturation in the peri-operative of thoracic surgery and its relationship with central venous saturation.

Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion·2015
Same author

Susceptibility variation to different entomopathogenic nematodes in Strategus aloeus L (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae).

SpringerPlus·2015

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Determining Membrane Protein Topology Using Fluorescence Protease Protection FPP
08:14

Determining Membrane Protein Topology Using Fluorescence Protease Protection FPP

Published on: April 20, 2015

18.3K

Topologically protected superconducting ratchet effect generated by spin-ice nanomagnets.

V Rollano1, A Muñoz-Noval2, A Gomez3

  • 1IMDEA-Nanociencia, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.

Nanotechnology
|February 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary

We developed a superconducting ratchet device using frustrated spin ice nanomagnets. This innovation enables a unidirectional flow of superconducting vortices, crucial for advanced electronic applications.

More Related Videos

Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride
04:51

Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride

Published on: July 8, 2021

3.2K
Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators
10:26

Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators

Published on: May 21, 2016

11.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Determining Membrane Protein Topology Using Fluorescence Protease Protection FPP
08:14

Determining Membrane Protein Topology Using Fluorescence Protease Protection FPP

Published on: April 20, 2015

18.3K
Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride
04:51

Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride

Published on: July 8, 2021

3.2K
Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators
10:26

Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators

Published on: May 21, 2016

11.9K

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Superconductivity

Background:

  • Topologically frustrated spin ice nanomagnets offer unique magnetic properties.
  • Superconducting vortices can be manipulated by magnetic structures.
  • Asymmetric potentials are key to ratchet effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and test a novel superconducting ratchet device.
  • To leverage frustrated spin ice nanomagnets for vortex control.
  • To demonstrate a unidirectional superconducting vortex flow.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a cobalt honeycomb array in a niobium film.
  • Utilizing spin ice rules to create magnetic charge distributions.
  • Investigating the interaction between superconducting vortices and magnetic Néel walls.

Main Results:

  • A robust superconducting ratchet effect was successfully demonstrated.
  • A unidirectional net vortex flow was generated by driven vortices.
  • The ratchet effect was shown to be independent of magnetic charge distribution.

Conclusions:

  • The designed device effectively achieves superconducting vortex rectification.
  • Topologically frustrated spin ice nanomagnets provide a viable platform for superconducting ratchet devices.
  • This work opens avenues for novel superconducting electronic components.