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Concurrent anemia and stunting in young children: prevalence, dietary and non-dietary associated factors

Shimels Hussien Mohammed1, Bagher Larijani2, Ahmad Esmaillzadeh3,4,5

  • 1Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences-International Campus (TUMS-IC), Tehran, Iran.

Nutrition Journal
|February 23, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Anemia and stunting co-occurrence (CAS) affects 23.9% of Ethiopian children. Dietary factors like vitamin A and meat intake, and non-dietary factors such as rural residence and low wealth, are significantly associated with CAS.

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Epidemiology
  • Global Child Health
  • Public Health Interventions

Background:

  • Evidence on the co-occurrence of anemia and stunting (CAS) at the individual level is limited and contradictory.
  • Risk factors for anemia and stunting often overlap, necessitating research into their combined prevalence.
  • Ethiopia faces a significant public health challenge regarding child malnutrition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of co-occurring anemia and stunting (CAS) among infants and young children in Ethiopia.
  • To identify key dietary factors associated with CAS in this population.
  • To investigate non-dietary factors, including household and child characteristics, linked to CAS.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a nationally representative sample of 2902 children aged 6-23 months from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey.
  • Employed a cross-sectional study design with a two-stage cluster sampling method.
  • Conducted hierarchical logistic regression analyses to identify associated dietary and non-dietary factors.

Main Results:

  • The overall prevalence of CAS was 23.9%.
  • Dietary factors associated with lower CAS odds included vitamin A supplementation, consumption of vitamin A-rich fruits/vegetables, meat, legumes, and higher meal frequency.
  • Higher CAS odds were linked to rural residence, low household wealth, low caregiver education, male sex, older age (12-23 months), history of infection, and small birth size.

Conclusions:

  • A high prevalence of CAS was observed in Ethiopian infants and young children.
  • CAS is associated with a complex interplay of dietary, household, and child-specific factors.
  • Targeted public health and nutrition interventions addressing the multifactorial nature of CAS are crucial for reducing its burden in Ethiopia.
Abstract

Keywords:
AnemiaConcurrent anemia and stuntingStunting

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