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The parental co-immunization hypothesis: An observational competing risks analysis
Miguel Portela1, Paul Schweinzer2
1NIPE, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
Scientific Reports
|February 23, 2019
Summary
Having children significantly impacts parental health and mortality. Parenthood is linked to a reduced risk of dying from cancer and heart disease in women, while marriage increases cancer and heart disease mortality risk in men.
Area of Science:
- Social Epidemiology
- Demography
- Public Health
Background:
- Parenthood and marital status are significant life events that may influence health outcomes.
- Previous research suggests potential links between having children and parental longevity, but mechanisms remain debated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between parenthood, marital status, and socioeconomic factors with cause-specific mortality.
- To test the hypothesis that contact with children may improve parental health and reduce mortality.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study (ONS-LS) dataset, covering 1% of England and Wales' population across five census waves (1971-2011).
- Employed competing risks analysis to examine individual characteristics and their relationship with cause of death.
Main Results:
- Females with children showed a 72.5% lower risk of cancer death and a 34% lower risk of heart disease death compared to childless females.
- Married males exhibited a 171% increased risk of cancer death and a 123% increased risk of heart disease death compared to unmarried males.
- Parenthood was associated with better survival rates than high income or house ownership.
Conclusions:
- The presence of children is strongly associated with reduced mortality risks for specific causes in women.
- Marital status shows differential impacts on mortality risk by sex, increasing risks for men.
- While associations are documented, the causal pathways linking parenthood and mortality require further investigation.
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