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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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The vulva encompasses the external structures of the female reproductive system. At the forefront is the monpubis, a cushion of fatty tissue atop the pubic bone. Once puberty sets in, this area typically grows hair. Extending from just behind the mons pubis are the labia majora (labia = 'lips'; majora = 'larger'), which are larger skin fs olds coated with hair. Nestled within are the labia minora (labia = 'lips'; minora = 'smaller'), which are thinner, more...
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The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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MicroRNAs in Female Malignancies.

Themis Liolios1, Stavroula Lila Kastora2, Giorgia Colombo2

  • 1Hellenic Republic National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Faculty of Biology, Athens, Greece.

Cancer Informatics
|February 23, 2019
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Summary

This study identifies microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in female cancers. A single miRNA is common across breast, cervical, endometrial, ovarian, and vulvar cancers, with seven others implicated in most, offering potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
bioinformaticsfemale malignanciesmicroRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression.
  • miRNAs play significant roles in the development of various cancers, including gynecological malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify common and exclusive microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in breast, cervical, endometrial, ovarian, and vulvar cancers.
  • To determine target genes, biological functions, and common pathways of these miRNAs.
  • To explore potential mechanisms and therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatics mining and computational analysis of miRNA data.
  • Identification of common and exclusive miRNAs across multiple female cancer types.
  • Analysis of target genes, biological functions, and pathways.

Main Results:

  • One miRNA is common to breast, cervical, endometrial, ovarian, and vulvar cancers.
  • Seven additional miRNAs are common across these malignancies, excluding vulvar cancer.
  • Target genes, functions, and common biological processes were identified for these miRNAs.

Conclusions:

  • The identified miRNAs and their targets provide insights into a potential universal mechanism in female cancers.
  • Exclusive miRNAs represent potential biomarkers and targets for novel chemotherapeutic agents.