Neonatal Morbidities of Fetal Growth Restriction: Pathophysiology and Impact

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Neonatology
• Developmental Biology

Background:

• Intrauterine growth restriction (FGR) is a pregnancy complication characterized by pathological fetal growth reduction.
• Placental insufficiency is the primary cause, leading to chronic undersupply of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus.
• Neonatal morbidities depend on FGR onset, severity, and gestational age at birth.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore pathophysiological mechanisms of major neonatal morbidities in FGR.
• To examine the impact of FGR on infant health.
• To present clinical, diagnostic, and management strategies for neonatal morbidities.

Main Methods:

• Review of pathophysiological mechanisms in FGR.
• Analysis of fetal cardiovascular adaptation and organ development.
• Compilation of clinical presentation, diagnostic tools, and management strategies.

Main Results:

• Fetal cardiovascular adaptation and altered organ development are key contributors to postnatal consequences.
• Neonatal morbidities vary based on FGR timing, severity, and gestational age.
• Current targeted therapies and their status are discussed.

Conclusions:

• Understanding FGR's pathophysiological mechanisms is crucial for neonatal health.
• Early detection, monitoring, and management of adverse outcomes are essential.
• Improved knowledge facilitates better care for newborns affected by FGR.