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Precision Medicine in Rhinosinusitis.

Ioannis Vlastos1, Kalliopi Gkouskou2, Maria Doulaptsi3

  • 1ENT Private Practice, 29 Voreiou Ipeirou str, Athens, Greece.

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
|February 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Precision medicine advances are transforming chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) care by integrating molecular insights and novel biomarkers. This approach promises to refine diagnosis and treatment for both severe and common CRS cases.

Keywords:
BiomarkersBiomedicineChronic rhinosinusitisEndotypesPrecision medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology and information technology advancements enabling detailed pathophysiological assessments in airway diseases.

Background:

  • The concept of united airways diseases has led to new endotype classification schemes for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
  • Novel biological treatments, successful in asthma, show promise for severe CRS with nasal polyps.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review research and clinical progress in precision medicine for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
  • To explore the impact of precision medicine on clinical practice for CRS, including diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis.
  • To discuss the role of precision medicine in United Airway Disease and severe-uncontrolled chronic upper airway inflammation (SCUAD).

Main Methods:

  • This is a narrative review of precision medicine initiatives in CRS.
  • It synthesizes current knowledge on phenotypes, endotypes, biomarkers, and clinical markers.
  • It examines technological progress in molecular biology and information technology.

Main Results:

  • New endotype classification schemes are proposed for CRS based on united airways disease concepts.
  • Novel biological treatments offer potential for severe CRS with nasal polyps.
  • Biomarkers are being investigated for complex bio-clinical traits in CRS.

Conclusions:

  • Precision medicine is expected to modify current clinical practice for CRS.
  • This includes severe chronic upper airway diseases in specialized centers and milder cases in the community.
  • A multidimensional approach integrating molecular and clinical data is key to advancing CRS management.