Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses

41.7K
The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
41.7K
Functional Groups02:45

Functional Groups

88.3K
Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties of that molecule. For example, the presence of certain functional groups on a molecule will make them hydrophilic, whereas others will make them hydrophobic. These functional groups are an indispensable part of organic chemistry and important components of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each...
88.3K
Functional Groups02:45

Functional Groups

24.4K
24.4K
Functionalism01:11

Functionalism

2.6K
William James, John Dewey, and Charles Sanders Peirce were instrumental in founding functional psychology, which draws heavily from Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. This theory suggests that individual traits, including behaviors, are adapted to their environments through natural selection. At the heart of functionalism is the concept of adaptation, meaning that a trait enhances an individual's chances of survival and reproduction.
James envisioned psychology's...
2.6K
Mechanical Protein Functions01:58

Mechanical Protein Functions

5.6K
Proteins perform many mechanical functions in a cell. These proteins can be classified into two general categories- proteins that generate mechanical forces and proteins that are subjected to mechanical forces. Proteins providing mechanical support to the structure of the cell, such as keratin, are subjected to mechanical force, whereas proteins involved in cell movement and transport of molecules across cell membranes, such as an ion pump, are examples of generating mechanical force. 
5.6K
Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

29.9K
Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity.  In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to...
29.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Physical activity stimulates clock neurons of the day-active rodent <i>Arvicanthis ansorgei</i>.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

The effects of diazepam on sleep depend on the photoperiod.

Acta pharmacologica Sinica·2025
Same author

Incorporating Physical Activity in a New Two-Oscillator Model of Circadian Activity in Nocturnal and Diurnal Mammals.

Journal of biological rhythms·2024
Same author

Chronotype, sleep quality, depression and pre-sleep rumination: A diary and actigraphy study.

The European journal of neuroscience·2024
Same author

Loss of temporal coherence in the circadian metabolome across multiple tissues during ageing in mice.

The European journal of neuroscience·2024
Same author

Small-molecule CEM3 strengthens single-cell oscillators in the suprachiasmatic nucleus.

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·2023
Same journal

Enhanced Time-Locked Decoding for Spoken Words but Not Environmental Sounds in Natural-Like Auditory Conditions.

The European journal of neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Learning Dynamics in Biophysical Spiking Network Models Are Shaped by KCC2/NKCC1 Cotransporter Stoichiometry.

The European journal of neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Dopamine Receptor Agonism in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell During Aversive Learning or Memory Retrieval: Differential Effects Depending on the Degree of Sugar Familiarity.

The European journal of neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Training in the Categorization of Aerial and Terrestrial Scenes Differentially Impacts Scene-Selective and Nonscene-Selective Regions in Occipitotemporal Cortex.

The European journal of neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Superficial Ventral Premotor Pathways to Primary Motor Cortex Shape the Temporal Coordination of Precision Grasping.

The European journal of neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Quantifying the Influence of Lexical Surprisal on Acoustic Speech Encoding While Controlling for Within-Speaker Variability.

The European journal of neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Clock Scan Protocol for Image Analysis: ImageJ Plugins
07:19

Clock Scan Protocol for Image Analysis: ImageJ Plugins

Published on: June 19, 2017

18.0K

From clock to functional pacemaker.

Stephan Michel1, Johanna H Meijer1

  • 1Group Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.

The European Journal of Neuroscience
|February 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) coordinates 24-hr rhythms through synchronized neurons. Aging impairs SCN synchronization, while exercise can improve it, highlighting plasticity in circadian rhythms.

Keywords:
SCNin vivo electrophysiologynetworksphotoperiodsynchronization

More Related Videos

Isolating and Imaging Live, Intact Pacemaker Regions of Mouse Renal Pelvis by Vibratome Sectioning
07:38

Isolating and Imaging Live, Intact Pacemaker Regions of Mouse Renal Pelvis by Vibratome Sectioning

Published on: April 30, 2021

3.8K
The Use of Mouse Splenocytes to Assess Pathogen-associated Molecular Pattern Influence on Clock Gene Expression
06:50

The Use of Mouse Splenocytes to Assess Pathogen-associated Molecular Pattern Influence on Clock Gene Expression

Published on: July 24, 2018

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Clock Scan Protocol for Image Analysis: ImageJ Plugins
07:19

Clock Scan Protocol for Image Analysis: ImageJ Plugins

Published on: June 19, 2017

18.0K
Isolating and Imaging Live, Intact Pacemaker Regions of Mouse Renal Pelvis by Vibratome Sectioning
07:38

Isolating and Imaging Live, Intact Pacemaker Regions of Mouse Renal Pelvis by Vibratome Sectioning

Published on: April 30, 2021

3.8K
The Use of Mouse Splenocytes to Assess Pathogen-associated Molecular Pattern Influence on Clock Gene Expression
06:50

The Use of Mouse Splenocytes to Assess Pathogen-associated Molecular Pattern Influence on Clock Gene Expression

Published on: July 24, 2018

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Chronobiology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Mammalian circadian rhythms are governed by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the central pacemaker.
  • SCN neurons act as cell-autonomous oscillators with an intrinsic molecular basis for rhythm generation.
  • Neuronal communication and synchronization within the SCN are essential for a coherent population-level rhythm.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms of synchronization within the SCN.
  • To investigate the plasticity of SCN synchronization in response to environmental changes like day length.
  • To examine the impact of aging and exercise on SCN neuronal synchronization.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on SCN neuronal function and synchronization.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying circadian rhythm generation in SCN neurons.
  • Discussion of factors influencing SCN synchronization, including aging and physical activity.

Main Results:

  • SCN neurons possess inherent molecular machinery for generating circadian rhythms.
  • Synchronization among SCN neurons is critical for establishing a functional SCN pacemaker.
  • Aging leads to a deterioration of SCN synchronization, while exercise can enhance it.

Conclusions:

  • Both intrinsic rhythm generation and intercellular synchronization are vital for SCN pacemaker function.
  • SCN synchronization exhibits plasticity, adapting to environmental cues and influenced by aging and exercise.
  • Understanding SCN synchronization mechanisms offers insights into circadian health and potential interventions.