Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Coordination Number and Geometry

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...

Predicting Molecular Geometry

Predicting Molecular Geometry

VSEPR Theory for Determination of Electron Pair Geometries

Equations of Motion: Rectangular Coordinates and Cylindrical Coordinates

Equations of Motion: Rectangular Coordinates and Cylindrical Coordinates

Understanding the motion of particles is a fundamental aspect of classical mechanics, and the choice of the coordinate system plays a pivotal role in unraveling the complexities of their dynamics.
When a particle moves relative to an inertial frame, the equations of motion can be expressed using rectangular components. If the motion is confined to the x-y plane, the equations having the x and y coordinates only can be used to simplify the mathematical representation.
However, when particles...

Spherical Coordinates

Spherical Coordinates

Spherical coordinate systems are preferred over Cartesian, polar, or cylindrical coordinates for systems with spherical symmetry. For example, to describe the surface of a sphere, Cartesian coordinates require all three coordinates. On the other hand, the spherical coordinate system requires only one parameter: the sphere's radius. As a result, the complicated mathematical calculations become simple. Spherical coordinates are used in science and engineering applications like electric and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Camptothecin Nanowires Induce the cGAS-STING Pathway to Remold Tumor-Associated Macrophages for Antitumor Immunity.

Pharmaceutics·2026

Same author

The multistep progression of areca nut-induced oral cancer: a mechanistic roadmap from pathogenesis to precision therapy.

Life medicine·2026

Same author

Assessing the Resilience of sEMG Classifiers to Sensor Malfunction and Signal Saturation.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

E-Selectin-Targeted Nanomicelles via Sialic Acid Conjugation for Anti-Inflammatory Efficacy and Alleviating the Progression of Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

Biomaterials research·2026

Same author

From 1990 to 2021, the burden of diabetes among the elderly in the Western Pacific Region (WPR) and projections for 2040 prevalence: A systematic analysis of the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study.

Diabetes & metabolic syndrome·2025

Same author

Determining post-orthognathic surgery profile: A validation study on the potential of modified chin point as a reliable predictor.

PloS one·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Gaze in Action: Head-mounted Eye Tracking of Children's Dynamic Visual Attention During Naturalistic Behavior

Gaze in Action: Head-mounted Eye Tracking of Children's Dynamic Visual Attention During Naturalistic Behavior

Published on: November 14, 2018

SGaze: A Data-Driven Eye-Head Coordination Model for Realtime Gaze Prediction.

Zhiming Hu, Congyi Zhang, Sheng Li

IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics

|February 23, 2019

Summary

This study introduces SGaze, a novel software-based model for real-time gaze prediction in head-mounted displays. It uses head movement data to predict eye movements without needing extra hardware, improving immersive experiences.

More Related Videos

Efficiently Recording the Eye-Hand Coordination to Incoordination Spectrum

Efficiently Recording the Eye-Hand Coordination to Incoordination Spectrum

Published on: March 21, 2019

Author Spotlight: Insights into the Analysis of Human Interaction with 3D Virtual Objects

Author Spotlight: Insights into the Analysis of Human Interaction with 3D Virtual Objects

Published on: October 18, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Gaze in Action: Head-mounted Eye Tracking of Children's Dynamic Visual Attention During Naturalistic Behavior

Gaze in Action: Head-mounted Eye Tracking of Children's Dynamic Visual Attention During Naturalistic Behavior

Published on: November 14, 2018

Efficiently Recording the Eye-Hand Coordination to Incoordination Spectrum

Efficiently Recording the Eye-Hand Coordination to Incoordination Spectrum

Published on: March 21, 2019

Author Spotlight: Insights into the Analysis of Human Interaction with 3D Virtual Objects

Author Spotlight: Insights into the Analysis of Human Interaction with 3D Virtual Objects

Published on: October 18, 2024

Area of Science:

Computer Vision
Human-Computer Interaction
Virtual Reality

Background:

Immersive applications like head-mounted displays (HMDs) require accurate gaze tracking.
Current gaze prediction methods often rely on external hardware or eye trackers, limiting accessibility and real-time performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel, data-driven eye-head coordination model (SGaze) for real-time gaze prediction in HMD applications.
To enable gaze prediction without external hardware, enhancing the usability of immersive technologies.

Main Methods:

Generated a large dataset of users navigating virtual worlds under varied lighting conditions.
Performed statistical analysis to identify correlations between gaze position and head rotation angular velocity.
Formulated a time-dependent function modeling the latency between eye and head movements for prediction.

Main Results:

Observed a linear correlation between gaze positions and head rotation angular velocities.
Identified a significant latency between eye and head movements.
Demonstrated SGaze's capability as a software-based real-time gaze predictor.

Conclusions:

SGaze effectively predicts gaze in real-time for HMDs using only head movement data.
The model's findings on eye-head coordination and latency can optimize gaze-contingent rendering.
User study validated the benefits of SGaze for enhanced immersive application performance.