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Emerging Viral Infections Causing Anterior Uveitis.

Moncef Khairallah1, Padmamalini Mahendradas2, Andre Curi3

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Emerging viral diseases, including arboviruses, can cause serious systemic and ocular issues like anterior uveitis. Early diagnosis relies on clinical signs, epidemiology, and laboratory tests for viral DNA or antibodies.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Emerging and resurgent viral infections, particularly arboviruses, pose global health challenges due to climate change, travel, and globalization.
  • These infections are primarily transmitted by mosquito bites and can lead to a spectrum of systemic conditions, from mild to life-threatening.
  • Ocular manifestations, including uveitis, are increasingly recognized complications of these viral diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the systemic and ocular manifestations of emergent viral infectious diseases.
  • To emphasize the specific relevance of these diseases to ophthalmologists.
  • To focus on anterior uveitis as a key ocular manifestation.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive review of existing literature was conducted.
  • The review focused on emergent viral infectious diseases with known or suspected ocular involvement.
  • Emphasis was placed on identifying patterns of systemic and ocular manifestations, particularly anterior uveitis.

Main Results:

  • Arboviral diseases are significant emergent threats, found globally due to environmental and societal changes.
  • Mosquito-borne arboviruses can cause diverse systemic symptoms and a range of ocular complications, notably uveitis.
  • Beyond arboviruses, other newly identified viruses are also implicated as causes of uveitis.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of emerging infectious diseases requires integrating epidemiological data, patient history, and clinical findings.
  • The pattern of ocular involvement, especially anterior uveitis, is crucial for diagnosis.
  • Confirmation typically involves detecting virus-specific DNA or antibodies in patient serum.