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Window on a Microworld: Simple Microfluidic Systems for Studying Microbial Transport in Porous Media
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Nasal microbial composition and chronic otitis media with effusion: A case-control study.

Rebecca E Walker1, Caroline G Walker2, Carlos A Camargo3

  • 1Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

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Children with chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) have less diverse nasal microbial communities, with an increased presence of pathogens. This suggests a link between nasal bacteria and COME development in children.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pediatrics
  • Otology

Background:

  • Chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) in children can lead to prolonged hearing loss, impacting learning and behavior.
  • Nasal pathogen dispersal to the middle ear is a suspected factor in COME development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between nasal microbial composition and the presence of COME in children.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study compared 73 children with COME (aged 3-4 years) to 105 healthy controls.
  • Nasal swabs were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
  • Questionnaires collected relevant demographic and health information.

Main Results:

  • Children with COME exhibited lower nasal microbial diversity (Shannon index) compared to controls (P = .046).
  • Nasal microbiota composition differed significantly between cases and controls (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity, P = 0.002).
  • COME cases showed higher pathogen abundance and lower commensal bacteria (e.g., alpha-hemolytic Streptococci) compared to controls. Corynebacterium-, Streptococcus-, and Moraxella-dominated profiles were associated with COME.

Conclusions:

  • Children with COME have a less diverse nasal microbiome with a higher pathogen load.
  • The findings suggest a potential role for nasal microbiota in COME pathogenesis.
  • Further research is needed to explore therapeutic or preventative strategies targeting the nasal microbiome.