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Related Concept Videos

Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

600
Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Translation01:31

Translation

156.2K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
33.7K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

38.9K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
38.9K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

27.7K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
27.7K
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

26.4K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
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Optical Tweezers to Study RNA-Protein Interactions in Translation Regulation
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Vive ut Numquam Moriturus: Tweaking Translational Control to Regulate Longevity.

Raz Bar-Ziv1, Ngoc-Tram Nguyen1, Andrew Dillin1

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.

Molecular Cell
|February 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers found that controlling the translation of mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) impacts cellular balance and aging. This discovery sheds light on post-transcriptional regulation in the aging process.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Aging research

Background:

  • The molecular mechanisms governing aging, particularly at the post-transcriptional level, remain incompletely understood.
  • Cellular homeostasis is crucial for maintaining organismal health and is intricately linked to the aging process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of post-transcriptional regulation in cellular homeostasis and aging.
  • To identify specific molecular players involved in these processes.

Main Methods:

  • The study focused on translational control mechanisms.
  • Investigated the impact of regulating mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) expression.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that translational inhibition of mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) plays a key role in maintaining cellular homeostasis.
  • Linked the regulation of MFF translation to the modulation of cellular aging processes.

Conclusions:

  • Translational control of MFF is a significant molecular mechanism influencing cellular aging.
  • Understanding these post-transcriptional mechanisms offers new avenues for research into age-related decline.