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The naturally occurring Δ9-12,13-epoxy-trichothecenes, produced by field fungi, cause serious mycotoxicoses in humans and animals. These toxins are linked to outbreaks in cool, wet weather, not grain storage issues.

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Natural Products Chemistry
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • The Δ9-12,13-epoxy-trichothecenes are a class of 37 naturally occurring sesquiterpenoids.
  • These compounds are produced by various fungal species, including Fusarium, Stachybotrys, Myrothecium, Trichoderma, and Cephalosporium.
  • They are known mycotoxins implicated in various animal and human diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the sources and characteristics of Δ9-12,13-epoxy-trichothecenes.
  • To understand the conditions leading to outbreaks of mycotoxicoses caused by these compounds.
  • To differentiate between field and storage fungi as causes of mycotoxicoses.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of fungal species producing the toxins.
  • Analysis of environmental conditions associated with outbreaks.
  • Toxicological assessment of health effects.

Main Results:

  • The Δ9-12,13-epoxy-trichothecenes are produced by specific field fungi.
  • Mycotoxicoses outbreaks are associated with prolonged cool and wet weather conditions affecting cereal grains.
  • Symptoms include dermatitis, vomiting, diarrhea, hemorrhaging, and death in affected humans and animals.
  • These toxins are primarily a concern from field fungi, not storage molds.

Conclusions:

  • Δ9-12,13-epoxy-trichothecenes are significant mycotoxins produced by field fungi.
  • Outbreaks are linked to specific weather patterns during crop growth.
  • Mycotoxicoses from these compounds pose a threat to human and animal health, particularly in regions with susceptible weather conditions.