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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Specific and Accurate Detection of the Citrus Greening Pathogen Candidatus liberibacter spp. Using Conventional PCR on Citrus Leaf Tissue Samples
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First Report of Citrus Blight in Costa Rica.

W Villalobos1, L Moreira2, K S Derrick3

  • 1Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular (CIBCM), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José.

Plant Disease
|February 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Citrus blight (CB) is a serious citrus disease confirmed in Costa Rica. Diagnostic tests show high zinc levels and impaired water uptake in symptomatic trees, indicating its economic impact.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Horticultural Science
  • Tropical Agriculture

Background:

  • Citrus blight (CB) causes chronic decline in citrus trees and has been a significant issue for over a century.
  • First identified in Brazil in the 1980s, CB leads to an annual loss of approximately 10% of citrus trees from production.
  • The disease has been observed in northern Costa Rica since 1997, affecting commercial citrus groves.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To confirm the presence of Citrus blight in the northern citrus-producing region of Costa Rica.
  • To assess the economic importance and spread of Citrus blight in Costa Rican citrus groves.
  • To utilize diagnostic tools to identify Citrus blight in symptomatic citrus trees.

Main Methods:

  • Surveys were conducted in northern Costa Rica to identify citrus trees exhibiting CB symptoms.

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  • Dot immunobinding assays (DIBA) were used to detect the P12 protein associated with CB.
  • Zinc (Zn) concentration in trunk wood and water uptake tests were performed on healthy and symptomatic trees.

    • Main Results:

    • CB symptoms, including canopy decline, leaf drop, and reduced fruit size, were observed in Valencia and Pineapple orange trees.
    • Dot immunobinding assays (DIBA) yielded positive results for the P12 protein in 20 out of 22 symptomatic trees.
    • Symptomatic trees showed significantly higher average zinc concentrations (4.6 ± 1.9 ppm) and virtually zero water uptake compared to healthy trees (2.0 ± 0.9 ppm and 14 ml/min, respectively).

    Conclusions:

    • Diagnostic tests confirm the presence of Citrus blight in the northern citrus area of Costa Rica.
    • The disease is spreading and poses a significant economic threat to the region's citrus production.
    • This marks the first documented report of Citrus blight in commercial citrus groves in Costa Rica.