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Related Concept Videos

Data Reporting and Recording01:24

Data Reporting and Recording

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Reporting and recording are crucial in data documentation. The timely, thorough, and accurate documentation of facts is essential when recording patient data. Failure to record findings during an assessment or interpretation of a problem will result in loss of information and make the patient document unreliable. The reader is left with general impressions if the information is not specific. A recording is documenting data of the individual's health information in a traceable, secure, and...
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Types of Reports I: Hands-off Report01:25

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Types of Reports II: Incident or Occurrence Report01:21

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An Incident or Occurrence Report in a healthcare setting is a crucial document used to record any unexpected occurrence that may or may not have affected a patient, employee, or visitor. Such reports are critical to improving patient safety and include all details leading up to and including the event.
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Types of Reports III: Telephone and Verbal Reports01:26

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Reporter Genes02:11

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Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
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Introduction to Documentation and Reporting01:20

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Documentation is the systematic process of formally recording, maintaining, and communicating information.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Visualization of Twitching Motility and Characterization of the Role of the PilG in Xylella fastidiosa
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First Report of Xylella fastidiosa Infecting Citrus in Costa Rica.

E Aguilar1, W Villalobos1, L Moreira2

  • 1Centro de Investigacion en Biología Celular y Molecular (CIBCM), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.

Plant Disease
|February 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, has been identified in Costa Rica for the first time. This finding is significant as CVC is a major citrus disease affecting orange trees in Brazil.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Bacteriology
  • Horticulture

Background:

  • Citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) is a significant disease impacting sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) production, primarily in Brazil.
  • The disease, caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, has spread throughout Brazil, affecting over a third of orange trees.
  • Similar symptoms have recently appeared in Costa Rica on sweet orange trees used in coffee plantations and as fence posts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the causal agent of citrus disease symptoms observed in Costa Rica.
  • To confirm the presence of Xylella fastidiosa in symptomatic citrus trees in Costa Rica.
  • To document the first report of Xylella fastidiosa associated with citrus in Costa Rica.

Main Methods:

  • Leaf petiole samples from symptomatic trees were tested using a Xylella fastidiosa-specific antiserum via double-sandwich antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA).
  • A bacterium was isolated from citrus stems exhibiting CVC symptoms and cultured on perwinkle wilt (PW) medium.
  • Bacterial morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Main Results:

  • Leaf petiole samples from 25 symptomatic trees tested positive for Xylella fastidiosa using DAS-ELISA.
  • A fastidious, gram-negative bacterium, identified as Xylella fastidiosa, was successfully isolated from symptomatic citrus stems.
  • Microscopic examination confirmed the presence of rod-shaped bacteria with rippled cell walls within xylem vessels, consistent with Xylella fastidiosa.

Conclusions:

  • Xylella fastidiosa has been identified as the causal agent of citrus disease symptoms in Costa Rica.
  • This study represents the first documented occurrence of Xylella fastidiosa associated with citrus in Costa Rica.
  • The findings highlight the potential spread of this economically important citrus pathogen to new regions.