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Related Experiment Videos

Antigen detection in primary HIV infection.

M von Sydow1, H Gaines, A Sönnerborg

  • 1Department of Virology, Central Microbiological Laboratory of Stockholm County Council, Sweden.

British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.)
|January 23, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Early human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection diagnosis is possible using combined antigen and antibody assays. These tests detect HIV p24 antigen and antibodies, aiding early detection of symptomatic primary HIV infection.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Symptomatic primary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection presents a diagnostic challenge.
  • Understanding the dynamics of HIV antigen and antibody during early infection is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of combined HIV antigen (p24) and antibody assays for diagnosing early HIV infection.
  • To characterize the temporal relationship between HIV p24 antigen and antibody detection in primary infection.

Main Methods:

  • Serial blood samples were collected from 21 individuals with symptomatic primary HIV infection.
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for HIV p24 antigen detection.
  • Western blot assay was employed for p24 antibody detection.

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Main Results:

  • HIV p24 antigen was detected within two weeks of illness onset, followed by p24 antibody detection.
  • Antigen concentrations decreased rapidly as antibodies appeared, with evidence of antigen-antibody complexing.
  • A few patients showed reappearance of HIV antigen with a decrease in p24 antibody levels after six months.
  • Combined assays detected HIV infection in all 95 tested serum samples.

Conclusions:

  • Combined HIV antigen and antibody assays are highly effective for diagnosing early-stage HIV infection.
  • These assays provide valuable evidence of infection, even when individual tests may be negative.
  • The findings highlight the dynamic interplay of viral markers during acute HIV infection.