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Seizures and movement disorders: phenomenology, diagnostic challenges and therapeutic approaches

Maria Eliza Freitas1, Marta Ruiz-Lopez2, Josep Dalmau3

  • 1Medicine, McMaster University Division of Neurology, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
|February 24, 2019
PubMed

Insights

This review explores the relationship between seizures and movement disorders (MDs), highlighting conditions that mimic each other. It offers guidance for diagnosing these overlapping neurological conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Seizures and movement disorders (MDs) are distinct neurological conditions.
  • Abnormal movements are present in both conditions, despite different underlying origins.
  • Phenomenological overlap complicates differential diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the overlaps and boundaries between seizures and MDs.
  • To investigate the risk of seizures in patients with MDs.
  • To provide diagnostic guidance for overlapping conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review.
  • Analysis of conditions mimicking seizures and MDs (e.g., paroxysmal dyskinesia, status dystonicus, epilepsia partialis continua, nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy).
  • Examination of therapeutic challenges and neurobiological pathways.

Main Results:

  • Identified specific movement disorders that resemble seizures and seizures that mimic movement disorders.
  • Discussed therapeutic complexities arising from the interplay between epilepsy and MDs.
  • Highlighted relevant anatomical and chemical pathways involved.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis is challenging due to overlapping symptoms.
  • Understanding the interplay between epilepsy and MDs is crucial for effective management.
  • An algorithm is proposed to aid clinicians in diagnosing co-occurring MDs and seizures.
Keywords:
epilepsymovement disordersseizures

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