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Dynamic formation of stable current-driven plasma jets.

Thomas C Underwood1, Keith T K Loebner2, Victor A Miller3

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Stable, dense plasma jets were visualized in real-time, revealing a mechanism that prevents instabilities. This finding advances understanding of magnetized plasma jets in laboratory and astrophysical contexts.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Astrophysical Jets
  • Magnetohydrodynamics

Background:

  • Plasma instabilities significantly impact magnetized plasma jet structure and properties in both lab and space.
  • Astrophysical jets propagate stably over long distances, unlike laboratory jets limited by instabilities.
  • Controlling unstable modes is crucial for understanding and managing plasma behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To visualize the real-time formation of stable, dense, super-magnetosonic plasma jets in a laboratory setting.
  • To identify the underlying mechanism responsible for the stability of these laboratory-generated plasma jets.
  • To understand how stable plasma jets can be maintained despite conditions that typically induce instability.

Main Methods:

  • Real-time visualization techniques were employed to observe plasma jet formation.
  • Experimental generation of current-driven plasma jets forming a flowing Z-pinch.
  • Analysis of jet behavior under conditions conducive to the m=1 kink instability.

Main Results:

  • Stable, dense, super-magnetosonic plasma jets were successfully generated and visualized in real-time.
  • A mechanism was identified that contributes to the observed stability of the plasma jets.
  • Stable jet propagation was maintained for extended durations, correlating with sustained pinch current.
  • The observed stability persisted even at current levels that usually trigger rapid unstable mode growth.

Conclusions:

  • A method for producing stable laboratory plasma jets has been identified, overcoming previous limitations.
  • The findings provide insights into the mechanisms governing plasma jet stability, relevant to both laboratory experiments and astrophysical phenomena.
  • This research contributes to the potential for scalable and controlled plasma jet generation in laboratory settings.