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Multiwall carbon nanotubes with magnetic nanoparticles show an unexpected exponential magnetization increase at higher electromagnetic field frequencies. This phenomenon, linked to magnetic tunneling, suggests potential for novel magnetic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Physics

Background:

  • Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) synthesized via chemical vapor deposition inherently contain magnetic nanoparticles.
  • Electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure effects on MWCNTs are frequency-dependent.
  • Skin effect in conducting carbon can influence magnetization at lower frequencies (<10 kHz).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the magnetization behavior of MWCNTs under varying electromagnetic field frequencies and amplitudes.
  • To elucidate the mechanism behind the observed magnetization increase at higher frequencies.
  • To explore the potential for magnetic tunneling in MWCNTs.

Main Methods:

  • Exposure of MWCNTs to electromagnetic fields with frequencies up to 10 kHz and higher.
  • Measurement of induced magnetization and magnetic remanence (MR).
  • Analysis of magnetization changes in relation to EMF frequency and magnetic field amplitude.

Main Results:

  • A slight decrease in magnetization was observed with increasing frequency up to 10 kHz due to the skin effect.
  • An exponential increase in magnetization was discovered at frequencies above 10 kHz.
  • A puzzling increase in magnetization with decreasing magnetic field amplitude (<0.5 A/m at 512 kHz) was noted.
  • Observation of unblocking of larger magnetic remanence portions with decreasing oscillating magnetic field amplitude.

Conclusions:

  • The observed magnetization increase at higher frequencies is attributed to the matching of field amplitudes with the magnetic nanoparticles within the nanotubes.
  • This phenomenon suggests the possibility of magnetic tunneling in MWCNTs, involving changes in the magnetic state of blocked magnetic moments.
  • The findings open avenues for novel applications leveraging magnetic tunneling in MWCNT systems.