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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management01:18

Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management

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Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care​.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of...
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What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

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Overview
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Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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Reliable and High Efficiency Extraction of Kidney Immune Cells
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Immunity, microbiota and kidney disease.

Felix Knauf1,2, J Richard Brewer3, Richard A Flavell4,5

  • 1Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Nature Reviews. Nephrology
|February 24, 2019
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Summary

The gut microbiome significantly impacts health, influencing immune responses and contributing to diseases like inflammatory bowel disease and kidney disorders. Research is exploring how microbial changes drive these conditions, moving towards understanding causation.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Intestinal microbiota profoundly influence human health and disease.
  • Host immune system components shape microbial communities.
  • Microbial dysbiosis contributes to noncommunicable diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, and liver disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current insights into microbiome regulation by host genetics and environment.
  • To explain how commensal microorganisms calibrate immune responses.
  • To discuss the role of the microbiome in the pathogenesis of hypertension and renal stone disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on host-microbiome interactions.
  • Analysis of mechanisms regulating microbiome composition.
  • Examination of immune system calibration by commensal microorganisms.
  • Discussion of intestinal epithelial barrier inflammation.

Main Results:

  • Microbiome composition is influenced by genetics and environmental factors.
  • Commensal microorganisms modulate innate and adaptive immunity.
  • Microbial alterations are implicated in the pathogenesis of renal disorders like hypertension and kidney stones.
  • Intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction is linked to disease.

Conclusions:

  • The immune system and microbiota play critical roles in renal disorder pathogenesis.
  • Understanding microbiome-causation links is crucial for advancing research beyond correlation.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms driving microbiota-related diseases.