[Treatment options for progressive myopia in childhood]

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Optometry
• Public Health

Background:

• The global incidence of myopia (nearsightedness) is increasing.
• This rise presents significant challenges due to associated secondary and vision-threatening eye diseases.
• Myopia onset typically occurs in childhood and adolescence, making this period critical for intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an overview of current optical and pharmacological treatment options for myopia.
• To highlight interventions that can influence myopia progression during developmental years.
• To assess the efficacy and side effect profiles of these treatments.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on myopia management strategies.
• Analysis of optical interventions (e.g., special contact lenses, spectacle lenses).
• Evaluation of pharmacological treatments (e.g., low-dose atropine).

Main Results:

• Identified optical and pharmacological treatments can reduce myopia progression.
• Average effect sizes indicate up to 50% reduction in progression.
• Treatments demonstrate a comparatively favorable side effect profile.

Conclusions:

• Early intervention during childhood and adolescence is crucial for managing myopia progression.
• Optical and pharmacological treatments offer effective strategies with manageable side effects.
• These interventions can mitigate the long-term risks associated with high myopia.