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Related Concept Videos

Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

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Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
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The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

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The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
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Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

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RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors
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Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) during viral infections.

Hilda Montero1, Gustavo Pérez-Gil2, Clara L Sampieri3

  • 1Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n. Col. Industrial Ánimas, 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. hmontero@uv.mx.

Virus Genes
|February 24, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viruses hijack the eIF4A translation initiation factor to synthesize proteins. Inhibitors targeting this essential factor show promise for future antiviral therapies against viral replication.

Keywords:
InitiationTranslationViruseIF4A

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) is crucial for translation initiation.
  • eIF4A unwinds mRNA secondary structures and removes inhibitory proteins.
  • Viruses exploit host cell machinery, including translation factors, for their replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how viruses utilize the eIF4A translation factor.
  • To explore the potential of eIF4A inhibitors as antiviral agents.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of viral hijacking of eIF4A.
  • Analysis of existing eIF4A inhibitors.
  • Discussion of therapeutic implications.

Main Results:

  • Viruses employ diverse strategies to manipulate eIF4A activity.
  • eIF4A is essential for the replication of various viruses.
  • Specific inhibitors of eIF4A have been identified.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting eIF4A presents a viable strategy for antiviral drug development.
  • Understanding viral interactions with eIF4A can lead to novel therapeutic approaches.