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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice
Published on: June 6, 2025
Quercetin loaded nanoemulsion-based gel for rheumatoid arthritis: In vivo and in vitro studies
Jayanti P Gokhale1, Hitendra S Mahajan1, Sanjay J Surana2
1Department of Pharmaceutics, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India.
Abstract:
Current research reports the development, optimization and evaluation of Quercetin (QCT) loaded nanoemulsion (NE)-based gel for the effective rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management. The formulation of QCT- NE was developed using spontaneous emulsification techniques using the Box- Behnken experimental design. The cytotoxicity study and effect on TNF-α production were evaluated respectively on HIG-82 and RAW 264.7 cells. The study showed that QCT- NE has no toxic effect on synoviocytes and a strong inhibitory effect on LPS-induced TNF-α production. QCT- NE gel has confirmed adequate rheological behavior with a good texture profile and improved drug permeation compared to free QCT gel. In addition, the gel was found to be non-irritating and showed the inhibition of paw edema in rats induced by CFA over 24 h contrary to free QCT gel. In conclusion, the formulation of QCT- NE gel is an efficient topical treatment strategy for rheumatoid arthritis.
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