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Bhagya Shaji1, E T Arun Thomas2, P K Sasidharan3

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Nutrition Science

Background:

  • Western societies eliminated tuberculosis through improved living standards and nutrition, predating potent drugs.
  • India's current tuberculosis control program focuses on case detection and treatment, which is insufficient for the "End TB by 2025" goal.
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is linked to suppressed cell-mediated immunity, often due to poor nutrition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the limitations of current TB control strategies in India.
  • To emphasize the critical role of nutrition in TB prevention and management.
  • To advocate for a paradigm shift in TB control, integrating nutritional interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of existing TB control program strategies in India.
  • Review of the relationship between nutrition, immunity, and TB.
  • Examination of the effectiveness of drug treatment versus a combined approach.

Main Results:

  • Drug treatment alone does not fully prevent new infections or drug resistance.
  • Significant TB transmission occurs before diagnosis and treatment.
  • Latent TB infections can reactivate, especially with compromised immunity.
  • Improved nutrition is a crucial factor in preventing and managing TB.

Conclusions:

  • India's "End TB by 2025" goal requires a strategic refocus on nutrition alongside drug therapy.
  • Integrating nutritional support and social interventions is essential for effective TB control.
  • Strong public health actions are needed to implement nutrition-focused strategies at all levels.