Achieving TB elimination in India: The role of latent TB management

The elimination of Tuberculosis (TB) in settings with a high dual burden of active and latent TB is one of the most important public health challenges of the 21st century. India has the highest TB burden in the world and nearly 40% of the population being infected with TB. There also exist large often overlapping socially and medically vulnerable populations like the PLHIV, pediatric TB contacts, children with protein-energy malnutrition, homeless people, workers in silica industry and adults with low BMI. A significantly higher risk of progression into active tubercular disease exists in those with compromised immune or nutritional status. It is uncertain if global TB elimination targets can be achieved in the absence of aggressive LTBI treatment strategies for interrupting the chain of transmission of the disease. India hence needs to accelerate and prioritize capacity building in latent TB research. A research agenda is outlined for generating evidence towards the evolution of critical evidence-based policy for LTBI management under Indian health settings.