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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
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Overview of Advanced Functional Groups02:22

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Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Health Information Technology (HIT)
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Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques01:08

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Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
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Author Spotlight: Development and Characterization of 2D Intestinal Monolayer Models from Bovine Organoids for Pathogen Interaction Studies
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Advances in exosomes technology.

Bo-Yie Chen1, Cheyenne Wei-Hsuan Sung2, Chihchen Chen3

  • 1Department of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
|February 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exosomes, or extracellular vesicles (EVs), are tiny vesicles involved in cell communication and disease. Newer isolation methods offer improved efficiency and speed over older techniques for research and clinical applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Exosomes (extracellular vesicles, EVs) are nanoscale vesicles secreted by cells, carrying proteins, mRNA, and miRNA.
  • Physiologically, they mediate intercellular communication; immunologically, they present antigens.
  • Exosomes are implicated in various diseases, including cardiovascular, neurological, and cancer metastasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare existing exosome (EV) isolation methods.
  • To highlight the advantages and disadvantages of different isolation techniques.
  • To discuss the implications for clinical diagnostics and therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Traditional methods like sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation.
  • Modern approaches combining immunoaffinity capture and microfluidic systems.
  • Evaluation of isolation efficiency, cost, labor, and time.

Main Results:

  • Ultracentrifugation is time-consuming and requires large sample volumes.
  • Immunoaffinity and microfluidic methods offer greater efficiency and speed.
  • Newer techniques demonstrate significant savings in cost, labor, and time.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing exosome (EV) isolation is crucial for clinical diagnostic product development.
  • Current EV isolation methods show promise for disease diagnosis and treatment.
  • Continued research into efficient exosome isolation is encouraged for clinical translation.