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Related Concept Videos

Local Attraction01:22

Local Attraction

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Local attraction refers to disturbances in compass readings caused by magnetic influences from nearby objects such as metal fences, buried pipes, vehicles, buildings, power lines, or natural iron ore deposits. Small items like wristwatches, steel tools, or belt buckles can also interfere with the compass by creating local magnetic fields that distort the Earth's natural magnetic field. These distortions lead to inaccurate readings, posing navigation and land surveying challenges.Local...
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Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics01:13

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The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
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Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

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While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
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Absolute and Local Extreme Values01:22

Absolute and Local Extreme Values

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The highest and lowest values of a function, relative to a reference axis, are known as extreme values. These include absolute maximum and absolute minimum values, which represent the highest and lowest points the function reaches across its entire domain. Within a restricted portion of the function, the highest and lowest values are referred to as local maximum and local minimum values, respectively.Periodic functions, such as sine and cosine, show extreme values at infinitely many points due...
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Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

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Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
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Local Anesthetics: Mechanism of Action01:23

Local Anesthetics: Mechanism of Action

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block sensory and motor impulses by inhibiting the sodium channels on the nerve cell membranes. This induces temporary loss of sensation, relieving pain in a specific body area.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Generation and Expansion of Primary, Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Tumor Lines
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Revisiting localized malignant mesothelioma.

Shannon Mann1, Sidrah Khawar2, Cesar Moran2

  • 1St. Josephs Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.

Annals of Diagnostic Pathology
|February 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Localized malignant mesothelioma, a rare presentation of this uncommon tumor, can mimic benign conditions. This diagnostic challenge requires careful clinicopathologic evaluation to avoid misdiagnosis in both pathologists and radiologists.

Keywords:
Localized malignant mesotheliomaMalignant mesotheliomaTumors of pleura

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Malignant mesothelioma is typically a diffuse pleural tumor with a poor prognosis.
  • Rarely, malignant mesothelioma can manifest as a localized, circumscribed mass or focal pleural lesion.

Observation:

  • This study identified four cases of localized malignant mesothelioma in the database.
  • Three cases were localized epithelioid malignant mesothelioma, and one was localized sarcomatoid mesothelioma.

Findings:

  • Localized malignant mesothelioma presents a diagnostic pitfall for pathologists and radiologists.
  • These focal lesions can be mistaken for other pleural abnormalities, complicating diagnosis.

Implications:

  • Awareness of this rare presentation is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
  • Further research into the clinicopathologic features of localized mesothelioma is warranted.
  • Improved diagnostic strategies are needed to differentiate localized mesothelioma from other pleural masses.