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Related Concept Videos

Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
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Nucleic acids02:43

Nucleic acids

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
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Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA...
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Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides01:20

Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and have instructions for its functioning. The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and the organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria....
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Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
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Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes
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Activating the Nucleic Acid-Sensing Machinery for Anticancer Immunity.

Terry Medler1, Jaina M Patel1, Alejandro Alice1

  • 1Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States.

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology
|February 26, 2019
PubMed
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Nucleic acid sensing pathways, crucial for pathogen detection, also impact cancer development and spread. Understanding these pathways could lead to new anti-cancer immunotherapies.

Keywords:
CancerInnate immunityRIG-ISTINGTLRTumorVaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Nucleic acid sensing pathways are vital for innate and adaptive immunity against pathogens.
  • These pathways can paradoxically promote or inhibit cancer progression and metastasis in the absence of infection.
  • Dysregulation of nucleic acid sensing is implicated in tumorigenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the dual role of nucleic acid sensing pathways in cancer.
  • To understand the regulation of these pathways in malignant cells and the tumor microenvironment.
  • To explore strategies for leveraging nucleic acid sensing to enhance anti-cancer immunity.

Main Methods:

  • The study likely involves molecular biology techniques to investigate nucleic acid sensing pathways.
  • Analysis of gene expression and protein activity in cancer cells and tumor microenvironments.
  • In vivo and in vitro models to assess the impact on tumorigenesis and immune response.

Main Results:

  • Nucleic acid sensing pathways exhibit context-dependent roles in cancer, influencing initiation, progression, and metastasis.
  • Specific regulatory mechanisms within malignant cells and the tumor immune environment were identified.
  • Evidence suggests these pathways can be manipulated to modulate anti-cancer immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Nucleic acid sensing pathways are key regulators of the interplay between immunity and cancer.
  • Targeting these pathways offers a promising avenue for developing novel cancer immunotherapies.
  • Further research into pathway regulation is essential for effective clinical translation.