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Related Experiment Video

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Real-time Imaging of Endothelial Cell-cell Junctions During Neutrophil Transmigration Under Physiological Flow

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Apical Junctional Fluctuations Lead to Cell Flow while Maintaining Epithelial Integrity.

Satoru Okuda¹, Erina Kuranaga², Katsuhiko Sato³

¹PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan; Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

Biophysical Journal

|February 26, 2019

Summary

Cellular fluctuations and apical forces maintain epithelial sheet integrity and enable directed cell flow during development. This study reveals how cells balance stability and plasticity for tissue shaping.

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Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Cell Biology
Biophysics

Background:

Epithelial sheet integrity is crucial for organ and embryo development.
Cellular rearrangements drive tissue morphogenesis, but mechanisms for maintaining integrity during cell flow are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how epithelial cells maintain monolayer integrity while undergoing dynamic flow in 3D space.
To elucidate the role of apical junctional fluctuations and forces in regulating cell rearrangements and tissue plasticity.

Main Methods:

Utilized a three-dimensional vertex model for numerical simulations.
Analyzed cell rearrangements, flow dynamics, and the influence of apical junctional fluctuations and forces.

Main Results:

Apical junctional fluctuations were shown to enable stable cell rearrangements, ensuring monolayer integrity.
Direction-dependent contraction on apical cell boundaries, driven by adherens junctions, induces directed cell flow.
Distinct kinematic differences were identified between apical-force-driven and basal-force-driven cell flow.

Conclusions:

Cells actively generate fluctuations to regulate both epithelial integrity and plasticity during morphogenesis.
The findings provide a framework for distinguishing between apical- and basal-force-driven mechanisms in experimental observations of epithelial cell flow.