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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
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Many proteins can be classified into two distinct subtypes - globular or fibrous. These two types differ in their shapes and solubilities.
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Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
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Atrial fibrillation in the elderly.

Pablo Díez-Villanueva1, Fernando Alfonso1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain.

Journal of Geriatric Cardiology : JGC
|February 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in the elderly. Anticoagulant therapy, especially newer non-vitamin K antagonists, improves survival despite bleeding risks, requiring individualized care for older patients.

Keywords:
Antithrombotic therapyAtrial fibrillationFrailtyNon-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulantsThe elderly

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Geriatrics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent arrhythmia in the elderly.
  • Age is a key factor in AF pathogenesis, and conduction disturbances may precede its onset.
  • Antithrombotic therapy is crucial for improving survival in diagnosed AF patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of antithrombotic therapy in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation.
  • To discuss the benefits and risks of anticoagulation in this population.
  • To highlight the advantages of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) and the importance of individualized treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on atrial fibrillation, aging, antithrombotic therapy, and anticoagulants.
  • Analysis of risk factors, benefits, and adverse events associated with anticoagulation in the elderly.
  • Evaluation of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) compared to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs).

Main Results:

  • Elderly patients with AF face increased risks of thromboembolic events and bleeding.
  • Anticoagulant therapy benefits generally outweigh bleeding risks, even in very elderly individuals.
  • Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) demonstrate improved efficacy and safety profiles with fewer adverse events compared to VKAs.

Conclusions:

  • Anticoagulant therapy is essential for elderly AF patients to improve survival.
  • Elderly AF patients are frequently undertreated, necessitating a proactive approach.
  • Individualized treatment considering frailty, comorbidities, and polypharmacy is vital for optimizing care, with NOACs offering a favorable option.