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Zinc and atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
N A Gray1,2, A Dhana1, D J Stein2,3
1Division of Dermatology, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV
|February 26, 2019
Summary
Low zinc levels in serum, hair, and erythrocytes are linked to atopic dermatitis (AD). While some studies suggest oral zinc supplementation may help AD patients with zinc deficiency, more high-quality research is needed to confirm these findings.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Nutritional Science
- Immunology
Background:
- Zinc is crucial for skin barrier and immune functions.
- The specific role of zinc in atopic dermatitis (AD) pathogenesis is not well understood.
- Existing research on zinc levels and AD treatment is limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the association between zinc levels/deficiency and AD.
- To evaluate the efficacy of oral zinc supplementation in treating AD.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
- Searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and article references.
- Pooled data using random effects models for standardized mean differences (SMDs) and odds ratios (ORs).
Main Results:
- Significantly lower serum, hair, and erythrocyte zinc levels were found in individuals with AD compared to controls.
- A non-significant increased odds of AD were observed in zinc-deficient individuals.
- One RCT showed improvement in AD severity with zinc supplementation in deficient patients, while another showed no significant effect in all AD patients.
Conclusions:
- Low serum, hair, and erythrocyte zinc levels are associated with AD.
- The quality of current studies is low to moderate, limiting definitive conclusions.
- High-quality observational studies and RCTs are necessary to confirm the zinc-AD association and assess supplementation efficacy.
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