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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Application of Retinoic Acid to Obtain Osteocytes Cultures from Primary Mouse Osteoblasts
Published on: May 13, 2014
Retinoic acid signaling in vascular development
Brad Pawlikowski1, Jacob Wragge2, Julie A Siegenthaler2
1Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado.
Abstract:
Formation of the vasculature is an essential developmental process, delivering oxygen and nutrients to support cellular processes needed for tissue growth and maturation. Retinoic acid (RA) and its downstream signaling pathway is vital for normal pre- and post-natal development, playing key roles in the specification and formation of many organs and tissues. Here, we review the role of RA in blood and lymph vascular development, beginning with embryonic yolk sac vasculogenesis and remodeling and discussing RA's organ-specific roles in angiogenesis and vessel maturation. In particular, we highlight the multi-faceted role of RA signaling in CNS vascular development and acquisition of blood-brain barrier properties.
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