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An Aqueous Dual-Ion Battery Cathode of Mn3 O4 via Reversible Insertion of Nitrate
Heng Jiang1, Zhixuan Wei1,2, Lu Ma3
1Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-4003, USA.
Abstract:
We report reversible electrochemical insertion of NO3 - into manganese(II, III) oxide (Mn3 O4 ) as a cathode for aqueous dual-ion batteries. Characterization by TGA, FTIR, EDX, XANES, EXAFS, and EQCM collectively provides unequivocal evidence that reversible oxidative NO3 - insertion takes place inside Mn3 O4 . Ex situ HRTEM and corresponding EDX mapping results suggest that NO3 - insertion de-crystallizes the structure of Mn3 O4 . Kinetic studies reveal fast migration of NO3 - in the Mn3 O4 structure. This finding may open a new direction for novel low-cost aqueous dual-ion batteries.
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