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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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RNA Splicing01:32

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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The Nursing Code of Ethics sets the ethical benchmark for the profession, and guides nurses in ethical analysis and decision making at the societal, organizational, and clinical levels. The code encompasses showing compassion and respect for the patient, their families, and communities in all circumstances while committing to providing patient-centered care. In addition, the code states that nurses must advocate for the patient by defending a cause or recommendation to protect their rights,...
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Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

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One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
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RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
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Small non-coding RNA and colorectal cancer.

Hui Chen1, Zhiying Xu1, Deliang Liu2

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
|February 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Regulatory small non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs), play crucial roles in cancer development. This review explores their functions and involvement in colorectal cancer (CRC).

Keywords:
colorectal cancermiRNApiRNAsmall non-coding RNAtRF

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant global health challenge with incompletely understood pathogenic mechanisms.
  • The human genome is extensively transcribed, producing a vast array of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with regulatory potential.
  • Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) are key regulators in various pathological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biogenesis and functions of regulatory sncRNAs.
  • To highlight the involvement of specific sncRNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), and tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs), in cancer.
  • To focus on the role of these regulatory sncRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on sncRNA biogenesis and function.
  • Analysis of research on sncRNAs in cancer pathogenesis.
  • Focused review of sncRNAs implicated in colorectal cancer.

Main Results:

  • Regulatory sncRNAs, including miRNAs, piRNAs, and tRFs, are integral to cellular regulation.
  • These sncRNAs exhibit diverse functions and are implicated in the development and progression of various cancers.
  • Evidence suggests significant roles for miRNAs and tRFs in colorectal cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Regulatory sncRNAs are critical players in cellular processes and disease.
  • Understanding the roles of miRNAs, piRNAs, and tRFs in CRC pathogenesis is essential for future therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research into sncRNA mechanisms in CRC is warranted.