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Using Proales similis (Rotifera) for toxicity assessment in marine waters.

Terry W Snell1, Rachel K Johnston1, Amelia B Matthews1

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.

Environmental Toxicology
|February 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Marine rotifers like Proales similis offer a cost-effective method for ecotoxicity testing. Researchers developed methods for using P. similis diapause eggs in toxicity tests, finding reproduction and ingestion endpoints most sensitive to metals.

Keywords:
diapause egg hatchingingestionmarinemetalsmortalityreproductionrotifertoxicity testing

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Ecotoxicology
  • Environmental Science
  • Invertebrate Biology

Background:

  • Cyst-based toxicity tests using marine invertebrates are fast, cost-effective, and sensitive.
  • Existing toxicity tests often use Brachionus plicatilis, but a broader species range is needed for ecological relevance.
  • Diapause egg-based toxicity tests are crucial for assessing sediment toxicity without requiring animal culturing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate toxicity testing methods using the marine rotifer Proales similis, focusing on diapause eggs.
  • To quantify the toxicity of copper, mercury, and cadmium to P. similis using various endpoints.
  • To compare the sensitivity of P. similis to other rotifer species and evaluate different toxicity endpoints.

Main Methods:

  • Production, storage, and controlled hatching of Proales similis diapause eggs for toxicity testing.
  • Quantification of toxicity endpoints including mortality, ingestion, reproduction, and diapause egg hatching for copper, mercury, and cadmium.
  • Comparative analysis of copper sensitivity between P. similis and other rotifer species (Brachionus manjavacas, B. plicatilis, B. rotundiformis) using ingestion tests.

Main Results:

  • Reproduction and ingestion endpoints were generally more sensitive to metal toxicants than mortality or diapause egg hatching.
  • Proales similis showed similar copper sensitivity to Brachionus manjavacas and B. plicatilis, but was less sensitive than B. rotundiformis.
  • Diapause egg hatching, while less sensitive, is ecologically relevant for assessing sediment toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Proales similis is a viable new species for marine ecotoxicity testing, particularly using diapause eggs.
  • Reproduction and ingestion assays are recommended for sensitive detection of metal toxicity in rotifers.
  • The asexual production of diapause eggs in P. similis requires further investigation into its life cycle and reproductive mechanisms.