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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
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Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
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[9th Decade Female with Dementia, Who Had Anemia Pointed Out on a Routine Laboratory Check].

Tetsuya Murata, Makoto Kaneko, Junpei Rikitake

    Rinsho Byori. the Japanese Journal of Clinical Pathology
    |February 26, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This case study highlights a rare presentation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML-M4) in an elderly female with dementia. Despite initial treatment for macrocytic anemia, the patient succumbed to spleen rupture caused by leukemic cell infiltration.

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    Area of Science:

    • Hematology
    • Oncology
    • Geriatric Medicine

    Background:

    • A case report from the 63rd Japanese Society of Laboratory Medicine congress.
    • Focuses on a 9th-decade female patient with dementia and routine anemia detection.

    Observation:

    • Patient presented with macrocytic anemia (MCV > 130 fL) and decreased Vitamin B12/folate levels.
    • Anemia parameters improved with supplementation, but White Blood Cell (WBC) count increased.
    • Initial diagnosis suggested a neoplastic hematological disorder.

    Findings:

    • The final diagnosis was acute myeloid leukemia (AML-M4).
    • Massive infiltration of neoplastic cells led to spleen rupture.
    • The patient died due to complications of the leukemia.

    Implications:

    • This case underscores the importance of thorough hematological evaluation in elderly patients with unexplained anemia.
    • Highlights the diagnostic challenges in complex cases, especially with limited data.
    • Emphasizes the aggressive nature of certain leukemias and their potential for fatal complications.