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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Visualizing Visual Adaptation

Visualizing Visual Adaptation

Published on: April 24, 2017

Ensemble statistics shape face adaptation and the cheerleader effect.

Haojiang Ying¹, Edwin Burns¹, Xinyi Lin¹

¹Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. General

|February 26, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Our brains average faces, influencing attractiveness perception. This study shows that viewing unattractive faces enhances a target face's attractiveness, a phenomenon known as the cheerleader effect.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive psychology
Social psychology
Neuroscience

Background:

The brain automatically averages facial expressions to grasp collective emotion.
Ensemble averaging is a known cognitive process for emotional faces.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if ensemble averaging applies to facial attractiveness.
To examine the influence of ensemble averaging on adaptation and the cheerleader effect.

Main Methods:

Experiments involved presenting groups of faces to participants.
Attractiveness judgments were recorded after exposure to varying group compositions.
Adaptation aftereffects and the cheerleader effect were measured.

Main Results:

Viewing unattractive faces led to increased attractiveness judgments of subsequent faces (adaptation).
The target face's attractiveness increased when surrounded by less attractive faces (cheerleader effect).
Both effects were linked to the average attractiveness of the group and required facial variance.

Conclusions:

Ensemble averaging influences face perception, specifically attractiveness.
The cheerleader effect involves social and contrastive processes.
Group attractiveness statistics are a common mechanism underlying adaptation and the cheerleader effect.