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Solubility Equilibria03:07

Solubility Equilibria

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Solubility equilibria are established when the dissolution and precipitation of a solute species occur at equal rates. These equilibria underlie many natural and technological processes, ranging from tooth decay to water purification. An understanding of the factors affecting compound solubility is, therefore, essential to the effective management of these processes. This section applies previously introduced equilibrium concepts and tools to systems involving dissolution and precipitation.
The...
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Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Enzymes02:34

Enzymes

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Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
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Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
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Physical Properties Affecting Solubility02:19

Physical Properties Affecting Solubility

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Solutions of Gases in Liquids
As for any solution, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is affected by the attractive intermolecular forces between solute and solvent species. Unlike solid and liquid solutes, however, there is no solute-solute intermolecular attraction to overcome when a gaseous solute dissolves in a liquid solvent since the atoms or molecules comprising a gas are far separated and experience negligible interactions. Consequently, solute-solvent interactions are the sole...
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Solubility03:00

Solubility

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Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Establishment of Viral Infection and Analysis of Host-Virus Interaction in Drosophila Melanogaster
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Establishing synthesis pathway-host compatibility via enzyme solubility.

Sara A Amin1, Venkatesh Endalur Gopinarayanan2, Nikhil U Nair2

  • 1Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts.

Biotechnology and Bioengineering
|February 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces Probabilistic Pathway Assembly with Solubility Confidence Scores (ProPASS), a new method for designing synthetic biology pathways. ProPASS integrates gene-level information and enzyme-host compatibility to improve the efficiency of producing target molecules in Escherichia coli.

Keywords:
metabolic engineeringpathway designpathway implementationsolubilitysynthesis pathwaysynthetic biology

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A Pathway Association Study Tool for GWAS Analyses of Metabolic Pathway Information
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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic Biology
  • Metabolic Engineering
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Current pathway synthesis tools focus on abstract metabolic networks, neglecting crucial gene-level and enzyme-host compatibility information.
  • This gap hinders the practical implementation of designed metabolic pathways in host organisms, leading to experimental inefficiencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a computational workflow that bridges the gap between abstract pathway design and physical genetic implementation.
  • To predict and quantify enzyme compatibility with a host organism, specifically Escherichia coli, to enhance pathway realization.

Main Methods:

  • Introduced Probabilistic Pathway Assembly with Solubility Confidence Scores (ProPASS) workflow.
  • Utilized predicted protein solubility propensity scores to assess enzyme-host compatibility.
  • Developed the Protein Solubility Database (ProSol DB) containing solubility scores for over 240,000 enzymes in E. coli.

Main Results:

  • ProPASS successfully links pathway construction with physical design space exploration.
  • Protein Solubility Database (ProSol DB) provides crucial enzyme compatibility data for E. coli.
  • Demonstrated the utility of ProPASS in generating genetic implementations for heterologous synthesis pathways.

Conclusions:

  • ProPASS facilitates the design of functional synthetic pathways by considering enzyme solubility and host compatibility.
  • The integration of solubility scores enhances the reliability of pathway engineering efforts.
  • This approach accelerates the development of microbial cell factories for producing valuable biomolecules.