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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Importance of Jumping Ability in Handball Throwing Speed and Accuracy
Published on: April 4, 2025
Characteristics of functional movement screening testing in elite handball players: Indicative data from the 9
E T Rafnsson1, G Myklebust2, R Bahr2
1Research Centre of Movement Science, Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Orkuhusid, Physical Therapy and Medical Centre, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Objectives:
To test 9 + screening batterie's intra-rater reliability, to provide indicative data of elite handball players, and to analyze difference between age, playing positions and level of play.
Design:
Descriptive study.
Setting:
Icelandic elite male handball players.
Participants:
182 elite male handball players.
Main Outcome Measures:
Nine + screening battery.
Results:
Reliability test: Intra-class correlation for the total score was 0.95. The correlation of each of the test factors varied from 0.63 to 0.91. The mean total score was 22.3 ± 2.9 (95%CI 16.7-28.1), with no difference in total score comparing players age or level of play. Goalkeepers displayed a higher total score than other players (F3,151 = 5.75, p = 0.001). Junior players had a lower score than senior players in tests measuring abdominal strength and core stability; Test 5; │2(3, 182) = 41.5, p < 0.0001, Test 6; │2(3, 182) = 55.7, p < 0.0001, Test 7; │2(3, 182) = 11.8, p < 0.005, but higher scores in tests measuring trunk and shoulder mobility Test 8; │2(3, 182) = 18.2, p < 0.0001, Test 9; │2(3, 182) = 22.2, p = 0.006.
Conclusions:
The 9+ intra-rater reliability was acceptable for the total score and individual tests. Age-related differences were provided in many individual tests.
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