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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor
Published on: March 10, 2023
Effect of external hydrazine addition on anammox reactor start-up time
Sivarajah Ganesan1, Vel Murugan Vadivelu1
1School of Chemical Engineering, USM Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
Abstract:
Hydrazine is an intermediate product of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process where both ammonium and nitrite in wastewater are converted to nitrogen gas by bacteria. In this study the effect of external hydrazine addition (5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/L) on the start-up period of the Anammox process was studied using sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). The SBR with an addition of 10 mg/L hydrazine took only 7 weeks to stabilize and achieve the maximum removal of ammonium and nitrite, whereas the SBR without the addition of hydrazine took 12 weeks. The amount of Heme C extracted from the biomass indicated that externally added hydrazine accelerated the growth of Anammox bacteria and reduced the release of nitrous oxide gas from the reactors.
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