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Review and Preview

Review and Preview

In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...

Review and Preview

Review and Preview

Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...

Members Made of Elastoplastic Material

Members Made of Elastoplastic Material

The behavior of elastoplastic materials under bending stresses, particularly in structural members with rectangular cross-sections, is crucial for predicting material responses and understanding failure modes. Initially, when a bending moment is applied, the stress distribution across the section follows Hooke's Law and is linear and elastic. This distribution means the stress increases from the neutral axis to the maximum at the outer fibers, up to the elastic limit.
As the bending moment...

Genetic Material

Genetic Material

Within the human body, a complex and detailed system of trillions of cells works in unison to sustain life. Each cell houses a nucleus, which contains 46 chromosomes divided into 23 pairs. Chromosomes are highly coiled structures made of the genetic material DNA. These chromosomes are essential carriers of genetic information, with half inherited from the mother through her egg and the other half from the father's sperm, combining to create the unique genetic makeup of an individual.

Bending of Members Made of Several Materials

Bending of Members Made of Several Materials

In analyzing a structural member composed of two different materials with identical cross-sectional areas, it is crucial to understand how their distinct elastic properties affect the member's response under load. The analysis involves assessing stress and strain distributions using the transformed section concept, which accounts for variations in material properties.
Hooke's Law determines stress in each material, stating that stress is proportional to strain but varies due to each material's...

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.

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Antimicrobial Characterization of Advanced Materials for Bioengineering Applications

Antimicrobial Characterization of Advanced Materials for Bioengineering Applications

Published on: August 4, 2018

Advances in materials for cellular applications (Review).

Joshua D Morris¹, Christine K Payne²

¹School of Science and Technology, Georgia Gwinnett College, Lawrenceville, Georgia 30043.

|February 27, 2019

Summary

This review explores advanced materials like graphene and conducting polymers for novel cellular applications, including gene delivery and imaging. These nanomaterials offer new ways to interact with cells, paving the way for future biomedical innovations.

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Nanotechnology
Cellular Biology

Background:

Established nanomaterials like graphene and carbon nanotubes offer unique properties.
Conducting polymers and intracellular lasers (microresonators, nanowires, spasers) represent emerging material classes.

Purpose of the Study:

To review promising materials for novel cellular applications.
To highlight new approaches to biological challenges using advanced materials.
To compare these materials with existing technologies and discuss biocompatibility.

Main Methods:

Review of literature on graphene, carbon nanotubes, conducting polymers, microresonators, nanowires, and spasers.
Analysis of material-cell interactions for various applications.
Discussion of cellular delivery methods and biocompatibility.

Main Results:

These materials enable new strategies for gene/drug delivery, cellular regeneration, mechanical sensing, and imaging.
Intracellular lasers offer advanced tools for cellular modulation and recording.
Comparison with existing technologies reveals potential advantages and challenges.

Conclusions:

Advanced materials offer transformative potential for cellular-level applications.
Biocompatibility and effective delivery are key challenges for in vivo translation.
Future research directions include extending these materials from cellular to in vivo applications using light, electricity, or ultrasound activation.