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A Protective Mechanism against Illusory Perceptions Is Amygdala-Dependent.

Franny B Spengler1,2,3, Dirk Scheele3, Sabrina Kaiser3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Laboratory for Biological and Personality Psychology.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|February 27, 2019
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The amygdala, crucial for threat processing, protects against distorted body perceptions. Damage or inhibition of the amygdala enhances the rubber hand illusion (RHI), indicating its role in maintaining a stable sense of self.

Keywords:
amygdalabody ownershipoxytocinrubber hand illusion

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • The sense of body ownership is vital for self-preservation.
  • Perceptual body illusions, like the rubber hand illusion (RHI), can experimentally disrupt body ownership.
  • The amygdala's role in processing threats suggests a potential involvement in protecting against altered body perceptions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the amygdala's role in modulating susceptibility to the rubber hand illusion (RHI).
  • To explore whether amygdala damage or inhibition alters RHI responses.
  • To determine if the amygdala is essential for maintaining an accurate perception of the bodily self.

Main Methods:

  • Studied monozygotic twins with bilateral amygdala damage (Urbach-Wiethe disease) and their RHI responses.
  • Conducted a brain morphometry study correlating amygdala volume with RHI onset in healthy volunteers.
  • Administered oxytocin intranasally to healthy volunteers to experimentally inhibit amygdala reactivity before RHI testing.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with amygdala damage exhibited augmented RHI responses, with faster illusion onset and increased vividness.
  • A smaller amygdala volume in healthy individuals correlated with a faster RHI onset.
  • Oxytocin administration, which dampens amygdala reactivity, also led to enhanced RHI responses.

Conclusions:

  • The amygdala plays a critical role in reducing susceptibility to body illusions like the RHI.
  • Amygdala integrity is necessary for maintaining a precise and unbiased perception of the bodily self.
  • The amygdala may act as a protective mechanism against threats arising from distorted self-perception and loss of behavioral control.