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Longitudinal quantitative electroencephalographic study in mono-hemispheric stroke patients.

Filippo Zappasodi1, Franca Tecchio2, Laura Marzetti1

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences and Institute for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.

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Summary

This study reveals that changes in brainwave patterns and fractal dimensions after a stroke correlate with neuroplasticity and clinical recovery. These electrophysiological markers can help personalize stroke rehabilitation for better outcomes.

Keywords:
EEGdelta bandfractal dimensioninter-hemispheric asymmetriesmono-hemispheric strokeplasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Neurology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Personalizing stroke recovery interventions requires identifying individual modulating factors.
  • Electrophysiological factors, directly linked to neuroplasticity, show promise for predicting stroke recovery.
  • Neurovascular factors are less directly related to neuroplasticity than electrophysiological measures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate electrophysiological factors, specifically spectral features and Higuchi's fractal dimension (HFD) of EEG signals, in stroke patients.
  • To assess the relationship between these electrophysiological measures and clinical recovery in the acute and sub-acute phases post-stroke.
  • To explore neuroplasticity indicators through longitudinal changes in brain activity.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational study involving 24 patients with unilateral middle cerebral artery stroke.
  • EEG signals were analyzed for spectral features (delta and alpha bands) and HFD at two phases: acute (T0) and sub-acute (T1).
  • Clinical deficits were assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS); effective recovery was calculated.

Main Results:

  • Delta and alpha band power changed between phases in both ipsilesional (ILH) and contralesional (CHL) hemispheres.
  • Higher delta band power correlated with worse clinical conditions in the acute phase (T0) and in the ILH during the sub-acute phase (T1).
  • Inter-hemispheric alpha power difference decreased from T0 to T1; HFD increased from T0 to T1, with lower ILH HFD than CHL HFD at both phases.

Conclusions:

  • Inter-hemispheric low band asymmetry and fractal dimension changes from acute to sub-acute phases are sensitive indicators of neuroplasticity.
  • These electrophysiological changes are associated with clinical recovery processes following stroke.
  • Findings suggest potential for using EEG-based metrics to guide personalized stroke rehabilitation strategies.