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Hybridization is a recurrent evolutionary stimulus in wild yeast speciation.

Chris Eberlein1,2,3,4, Mathieu Hénault5,6,7,8, Anna Fijarczyk5,9,6,7

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Hybridization can lead to new species. This study found evidence of repeated hybrid speciation in wild yeast, showing how hybridization rapidly generates diversity and reproductive isolation.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Hybridization can lead to the formation of new, reproductively isolated lineages.
  • The frequency and mechanisms of hybrid speciation remain poorly understood in natural populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the recurrence of hybrid speciation in North American Saccharomyces paradoxus.
  • To identify and characterize new hybrid lineages and their potential for speciation.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-genome sequencing of over 300 Saccharomyces paradoxus strains.
  • Analysis of phenotypic novelties and reproductive isolation in hybrid lineages.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of a new hybrid lineage, SpD, originating from SpC* and SpB.
  • SpD exhibits an intermediate transcriptome and partial reproductive isolation from SpB.
  • Evidence suggests SpD has the potential to evolve as a novel hybrid species.

Conclusions:

  • Hybrid speciation is a recurring process in Saccharomyces paradoxus.
  • Repetitive cycles of divergence and hybridization rapidly generate evolutionary diversity and reproductive isolation.
  • Hybridization serves as a significant source of raw material for speciation.