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Long-duration spaceflight adversely affects post-landing operator proficiency.

Steven T Moore1,2, Valentina Dilda3, Tiffany R Morris3

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Astronaut performance declines after long space missions, impacting critical landing skills. Deficits in motor control and cognitive function were observed, not solely due to fatigue, highlighting risks for future space exploration.

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Area of Science:

  • Space medicine
  • Human factors engineering
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Microgravity exposure degrades astronaut pilot performance, posing risks for critical mission phases.
  • Long-duration spaceflight impacts operator proficiency, especially during landing and post-landing operations for exploration missions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of long-duration spaceflight on astronaut operator proficiency.
  • To identify the underlying causes of post-flight performance decrements using cognitive and sensorimotor tests.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized full-motion simulations of operationally-relevant tasks for 8 International Space Station astronauts.
  • Administered a battery of cognitive/sensorimotor tests pre- and post-flight.
  • Included a ground control group (N=12) and a sleep restriction cohort (N=9) to control for confounding factors.

Main Results:

  • Astronauts showed significant deficits in manual dexterity, dual-tasking, and motion perception immediately post-flight.
  • A striking degradation in vehicle operation ability was observed.
  • Deficits were not primarily due to fatigue, as sleep restriction did not affect performance on similar tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Astronauts experience post-flight malaise in motor function and motion perception after long-duration missions.
  • Cognitive reserve is diminished, particularly during dual-tasking scenarios.
  • Performance recovered to baseline within four days post-landing.